How should a watchman or lookout communicate a train's approach?

The most effective way for a watchman or lookout to communicate a train’s approach is through the use of visual and audible signals. This dual approach ensures that the information is conveyed clearly and can be recognized by individuals in various conditions.

Visual signals can include flags, lights, or hand gestures, while audible signals can involve whistles or horns. Combining these methods enhances the chance of attracting attention, especially in noisy environments where verbal communication might be drowned out. Additionally, visual signals are particularly important for individuals positioned at a distance from the train, where sound may not carry effectively.

Other communication methods, such as sending a text message, may not reach individuals on-site quickly enough in a critical situation. Verbal signals alone may not always be sufficient, especially if there is background noise or if the lookout's voice cannot carry over a distance. Waving arms could serve as a visual signal but doesn’t encompass the full effectiveness of combining both visual and audible communications. Therefore, using both forms together offers the best strategy for ensuring safety and timely information delivery.